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The recently developed anti-KAI1 antibody is applicable to routinely fixed archival tissues, and is a valuable resource for determining intra-tumoral KAI1 levels. Numerous studies have now validated the feasibility of this technique, and demonstrated significant correlations between KAI1 expression and clinicopathologic parameters. For example, in non-small cell lung cancers, immunohistochemically determined KAI1 expression in the tumor correlates favorably with both overall and disease free survival; conversely, loss of KAI1 expression is associated with the development of enhanced metastatic potential. The association of reduced or absent KAI1 expression with lymph node and/or distant metastases has been documented in esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, hepatocellular, colorectal, ovarian, cervical and bladder carcinomas. Not surprisingly, in many of these studies, loss of KAI1 expression is also associated independently with a reduced overall and disease free survival. Notably, KAI1 gene mutations are uncommon in these tumors, despite the frequent downregulation of KAI1 protein levels. This underscores the importance of utilizing an immunohistochemical, as opposed to molecular, assay to assess the status of KAI1 in clinical specimens.
Veripath OncoDiagnostics offers KAI1 as part of the standard prostate cancer panels, but it can also be ordered individually. Currently, we are using an automated image analysis system to quantitatively score percentage positivity and intensity grade finally reflected in a histoscore on each evaluation. For more information contact Dr Raheela Ashfaq at Veripath OncoDiagnostics at 214.645.7053 or Raheela.Ashfaq@UTSouthwestern.edu.
Selected references:
1. Higashiyama M et al. KAI1/CD82 expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma is a novel, favorable prognostic factor: an immunohistochemical analysis. Cancer 83:466; 1998
2. Huang CI et al. Correlation of reduction in MRP-1/CD9 and KAI1/CD82 expression with recurrences in breast cancer patients. Am J Pathol 153:973; 1998
3. Liu FS et al. Frequent downregulation and lack of mutation of the KAI1 metastasis suppressor gene in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 78:10; 2000
4. Lombardi DP et al. Loss of KAI1 expression in the progression of colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 59:5724; 1999
5. Yang X et al. KAI1 protein is downregulated during the progression of human breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 6:3424; 2000
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